{"id":11614,"date":"2018-07-29T22:28:13","date_gmt":"2018-07-29T22:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/"},"modified":"2025-11-25T13:30:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T13:30:53","slug":"local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015 \u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015 \u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u064f\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u06be\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":13671,"template":"","publication-category":[111],"class_list":["post-11614","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","publication-category-111"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015 \u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Development Champions Forum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/DevChampionsYE\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-25T13:30:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"575\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@DevChampionsYe\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-29T22:28:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-25T13:30:53+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":575},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/\",\"name\":\"Development Champions Forums\",\"description\":\"Rethinking Yemen&#039;s Economy\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Development Champions Forums\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DCF-Logo-21-e1763385221905.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DCF-Logo-21-e1763385221905.png\",\"width\":407,\"height\":140,\"caption\":\"Development Champions Forums\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/DevChampionsYE\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/DevChampionsYe\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/110299150\/admin\/settings\/jobs\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum","og_description":"\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 \/ \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015 \u0642\u0648\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/","og_site_name":"Development Champions Forum","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/DevChampionsYE\/","article_modified_time":"2025-11-25T13:30:53+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":575,"url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@DevChampionsYe","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/","url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 - Development Champions Forum","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp","datePublished":"2018-07-29T22:28:13+00:00","dateModified":"2025-11-25T13:30:53+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/63f903aa0957ba695ec66a122ef9cd1d.webp","width":1200,"height":575},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/local-governance-in-yemen-amid-conflict-and-instability\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/","name":"Development Champions Forums","description":"Rethinking Yemen&#039;s Economy","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#organization","name":"Development Champions Forums","url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DCF-Logo-21-e1763385221905.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DCF-Logo-21-e1763385221905.png","width":407,"height":140,"caption":"Development Champions Forums"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/DevChampionsYE\/","https:\/\/x.com\/DevChampionsYe","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/110299150\/admin\/settings\/jobs\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publications\/11614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publications"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publications"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"publication-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-category?post=11614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}