{"id":11700,"date":"2018-07-29T17:48:38","date_gmt":"2018-07-29T17:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/publications\/challenges-for-yemens-local-governance-amid-conflict\/"},"modified":"2025-11-27T22:08:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T22:08:10","slug":"challenges-for-yemens-local-governance-amid-conflict","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/challenges-for-yemens-local-governance-amid-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. 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&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2016.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a-\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2015\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a-\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 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name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \/ \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2017\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 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name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2018 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<h3><em>\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a: \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/em><\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631 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name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a><\/em><\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 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\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0Peter Salisbury, \u201cYemen: National Chaos, Local Order,\u201d\u00a0<em>Chatham House<\/em>, last modified December 20, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publication\/yemen-national-chaos-local-order.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Thomas Joscelyn, \u201cArab Coalition Enters AQAP Stronghold in Port City of Mukalla, Yemen,\u201d\u00a0<em>Long War Journal<\/em>, last modified April 25, 2016, accessed May 23, 2018. https:\/\/www.longwarjournal.org\/archives\/2016\/04\/arab-coalition-enters-aqap-stronghold-in-port-city-of-mukalla-yemen.php; Elisabeth Kendall, &#8220;How Can al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Be Defeated?&#8221;\u00a0<em>Washington Post<\/em>, last modified May 3, 2016, accessed May 23, 2018. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2016\/05\/03\/how-can-al-qaeda-in-the-arabian-peninsula-be-defeated.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0Joscelyn, \u201cArab Coalition Enters AQAP Stronghold in Port City of Mukalla, Yemen.\u201d<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;UAE, Saudi Send Weapons to Taiz Resistance,&#8221;\u00a0<em>Emirates 24\/7 News<\/em>, last modified January 7, 2016, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/region\/uae-saudi-send-weapons-to-taiz-resistance-2015-11-07-1.609560.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c http:\/\/almawqea.net\/news.php?id=7226#.V9k0FJN96lO\u061b &#8220;\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644.. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c http:\/\/ababiil.net\/yemen-news\/82187.html\u061b &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0662\u0664\u060c http:\/\/yemen-24.com\/news27572.html.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cAl-Zubaidi and the STC Members are in Al-Mukalla City,\u201d\u00a0<em>Southern Transitional Council<\/em>, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/en.stcaden.com\/news\/7959. \u201cAl-Zubaidi Issues a Resolution to Appoint Local Leaderships in Shabwah Governorate,\u201d\u00a0<em>Southern Transitional Council<\/em>, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/en.stcaden.com\/news\/8084.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cAl-Zubaidi and the STC Members are in Al-Mukalla City,\u201d\u00a0<em>Southern Transitional Council<\/em>, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/en.stcaden.com\/news\/7959. \u201cAl-Zubaidi Issues a Resolution to Appoint Local Leaderships in Shabwah Governorate,\u201d\u00a0<em>Southern Transitional Council<\/em>, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/en.stcaden.com\/news\/8084.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 2001. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0648\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2015\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 54% \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u064a&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017\u061b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2014 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 53% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>World Bank,\u00a0<em>Republic of Yemen: Unlocking Potential for Economic Growth<\/em>\u00a0(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2015) accessed May 23, 2018. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/23660.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 160 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 52 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2017\u061b \u0648<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/mec\/?p=4737\">Yemen\u2019s Urban\u2013Rural Divide and the Ultra-Localisation of the Civil War<\/a>,\u201d workshop organized by the London School of Economics Middle East Centre, March 29, 2017, London, UK.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0Ben Hubbard, \u201cAs Yemen Crumbles, One Town Is an Island of Relative Calm,\u201d\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>, last modified November 9, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/11\/09\/world\/middleeast\/yemen-marib-war-ice-cream.html; Adam Baron, &#8220;Not Only a Pawn in Their Game,&#8221;\u00a0<em>European Council on Foreign Relations<\/em>, last modified November 16, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018. http:\/\/www.ecfr.eu\/article\/commentary_not_only_a_pawn_in_their_game.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/-Challenges_for_Yemens_Local_Governance_amid_Conflict\/#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":13415,"template":"","publication-category":[114],"class_list":["post-11700","publications","type-publications","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","publication-category-114"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 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