{"id":11737,"date":"2018-11-05T17:54:50","date_gmt":"2018-11-05T17:54:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/publications\/corruption-in-yemens-war-economy\/"},"modified":"2025-11-27T22:07:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T22:07:42","slug":"corruption-in-yemens-war-economy","status":"publish","type":"publications","link":"https:\/\/dcfyemen.org\/ar\/publications\/corruption-in-yemens-war-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u2013 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 &#8211; \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CruGas.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 (UNVIM) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2016\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><em>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632) \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628.\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><em>\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (SMEs) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646.\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cWhat is Corruption?\u201d\u00a0<em>Transparency International,\u00a0<\/em>accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/what-is-corruption\">https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/what-is-corruption<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cCorruption Perceptions Index 2017,\u201d\u00a0<em>Transparency International<\/em>, last modified February 21, 2018, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/news\/feature\/corruption_perceptions_index_2017\">https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/news\/feature\/corruption_perceptions_index_2017<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cCorruption Perceptions Index 2017 Shows High Corruption Burden in More than Two-thirds of Countries,\u201d\u00a0<em>Transparency International<\/em>, last modified February 21, 2018, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/news\/pressrelease\/corruption_perceptions_index_2017_shows_high_corruption_burden_in_more_than\">https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/news\/pressrelease\/corruption_perceptions_index_2017_shows_high_corruption_burden_in_more_than<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0World Bank,\u00a0<em>Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Debate<\/em>, (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000) accessed June 25, 2018, 1,<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0Glenn E. Robinson et al.,\u00a0<em>Yemen Corruption Assessment<\/em>\u00a0(Burlington, VT: ARD, 2006) accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/photos.state.gov\/libraries\/yemen\/231771\/PDFs\/yemen-corruption-assessment.pdf\">https:\/\/photos.state.gov\/libraries\/yemen\/231771\/PDFs\/yemen-corruption-assessment.pdf<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0Abdulwahab al-Kibsi has called this the \u201cinevitability mindset\u201d \u2014 Yemeni citizens have come to expect corruption to be so pervasive that they themselves are powerless against it. Abdulwahab Alkebsi and\u00a0 Christopher Boucek, \u201cCorruption in Yemen: Screening of\u00a0<em>Destructive Beast<\/em>,\u201d\u00a0<em>Carnegie Endowment for International Peace<\/em>, last modified September 30, 2010, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2010\/09\/30\/corruption-in-yemen-screening-of-destructive-beast-event-3034\">http:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/2010\/09\/30\/corruption-in-yemen-screening-of-destructive-beast-event-3034<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0Researcher interview, October 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639. \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0630\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 &#8211; \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0632 &#8211; \u0625\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0639 &#8211; \u0630\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0632\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0Peter Salisbury, \u201cYemen: National Chaos, Local Order,\u201d\u00a0<em>Chatham House<\/em>, last modified December 20, 2017, accessed May 23, 2018, 20.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publication\/yemen-national-chaos-local-order\">https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/publication\/yemen-national-chaos-local-order<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0Tribal leaders providing security forces are also paid through a similar mechanism. Sources with a first-hand knowledge of the composition of anti-Houthi forces stationed in Marib, claim that Saudi Arabia is paying for approximately 50,000 anti-Houthi fighters.This number is almost certainly inflated and is thought to include money paid to secure the backing of local tribes. Researcher interviews, Cairo, February and March 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \/ \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>\u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b.\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u2013 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629: (1) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648(2) \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a 27 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2015 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647) \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>Private conversations with a Yemeni fuel trader, January-March 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u00a0Ammar Tawfiq Abdulrahim Mutahar runs CruGas. He is also the listed Deputy General Manager of Tawfiq Abdulrahim Mutahar Group (\u201cTAM\u201d) but is reportedly not on good terms with his brothers who have taken over TAM following the death of their father Tawfiq in 2013.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>Mohamed al-Absi, \u201cSince the Disaster of Flotation Fuel in the Stations with Official Pricing: More Black Market Scandals,\u201d\u00a0<em>Mohamed al-Absi\u00a0<\/em>(blog), December 5 2016, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2015\/11\/blog-post_14.html\">https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2015\/11\/blog-post_14.html<\/a>; Mohamed al-Absi \u201cDocument: Mechanism for the Purchase of Oil Company 50% of Shipments Merchants Sold to the Citizen at the Official Price,\u201d\u00a0<em>Mohamed al-Absi\u00a0<\/em>(blog), June 28, 2016, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/50.html\">https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/50.html<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u00a0Mohamed al-Absi, \u201cSince the Disaster of Flotation Fuel in the Stations with Official Pricing: More Black Market Scandals,\u201d\u00a0<em>Mohamed al-Absi\u00a0<\/em>(blog), December 5 2016, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2015\/11\/blog-post_14.html\">https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2015\/11\/blog-post_14.html<\/a>; Mohamed al-Absi \u201cDocument: Mechanism for the Purchase of Oil Company 50% of Shipments Merchants Sold to the Citizen at the Official Price,\u201d\u00a0<em>Mohamed al-Absi\u00a0<\/em>(blog), June 28, 2016, accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/50.html\">https:\/\/mohamedalabsi.blogspot.com\/2016\/06\/50.html<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2018\u061b<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>\u201cUNVIM\u201d; &#8220;United Nations Verification and Inspection Mechanism for Yemen: Update May 2016,\u201d\u00a0<em>United Nations Verification and Inspection Mechanism<\/em>, last modified May 2016, accessed June 15, 2018.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vimye.org\/docs\/UNVIM%20Update%20May%202016.pdf\">https:\/\/www.vimye.org\/docs\/UNVIM%20Update%20May%202016.pdf<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0Peter Salisbury,\u00a0<em>Yemen\u2019s Cratered Economy: Glimmers of Hope?\u00a0<\/em>(Washington, DC: Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, 2018) accessed June 25, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agsiw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Salisbury_Yemen-Cratered-Economy_ONLINE-1.pdf\">https:\/\/www.agsiw.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Salisbury_Yemen-Cratered-Economy_ONLINE-1.pdf<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 400 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u063a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2018. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>Salisbury,\u00a0<em>Yemen\u2019s Cratered Economy.<\/em><\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>Hadeel al-Sayegh, \u201cYemen President Names New Central Bank Governor, Moves HQ to Aden,\u201d\u00a0<em>Reuters<\/em>, last modified September 18, 2016, accessed May 23, 2018,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-yemen-cenbank\/yemen-president-names-new-central-bank-governor-moves-hq-to-aden-idUSKCN11O0WB?il=0\">https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-yemen-cenbank\/yemen-president-names-new-central-bank-governor-moves-hq-to-aden-idUSKCN11O0WB<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2018\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a class=\"anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/devchampions.org\/ar\/publications\/policy-brief\/corruption_in_yemens_war_economy\/#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u00a0\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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